First Aid: Heat Exposure
First Aid: Heat Exposure
The brain carries a temperature regulator that keeps the body near a healthy 98°F (37°C). But prolonged exposure to extreme heat may overwhelm this natural thermostat.
Intense heat may cause extra fluid loss through sweating (heat exhaustion). If the body isn’t cooled, sweating eventually stops, but the body’s temperature may keep rising until vital organs begin to fail (heat stroke).
Step 1. Lower body temperature
Move the victim into shade and sponge with cool water. Cool head, neck, groin, and underarms.
Remove extra clothing.
Place the victim on his or her back. Raise his or her feet about 12 inches to lower the risk for shock.
Don't leave the person alone. Monitor the victim's condition and mental status every 15 minutes—continue to cool as needed.
Step 2. Give cool liquids
Give the victim with clear liquids if he or she is alert. Offer cool or room-temperature water. A bottled sports drink is another good choice.
Don't offer drinks containing milk, because they may cause nausea.
Don't offer drinks with caffeine or alcohol, because these may make dehydration worse.
When to seek medical help
Seek medical help if any of the following is true:
The victim is sweating heavily, but the skin feels cool and clammy.
The victim feels dizzy, lightheaded, or weak.
Call 911
Call 911 right away if the victim has any of the following:
Skin that feels hot and dry to the touch
Drowsiness, disorientation, or loss of consciousness
Loss of muscle control or a seizure
While you wait for help:
Reassure the person.
Keep the person as cool as possible.
Treat for shock or do rescue breathing or CPR, if needed.
Updated:
October 09, 2017
Sources:
AAOS, ACEP, Advanced First Aid, CPR, and AED, 2012 (6), Markenson, D. Part 17: First Aid: 2010 American Heart Association and American Red Cross Guidelines for First Aid. Circulation 92010); 122(18); pp. s934-s946
Reviewed By:
Fraser, Marianne, MSN, RN,Perez, Eric, MD